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Lapse in Appropriations

A period when Congress has not passed regular spending bills for the current fiscal year, and no temporary funding measure is in place, which usually leads to a government shutdown.

Continuing Appropriations

A temporary law passed by Congress that allows government agencies to continue operating, typically at the previous year's funding levels, when a full-year budget has not been enacted.

Preceding Applicable Appropriation Act

The most recent temporary or full-year spending law that provided funding for a government program or activity before the current budget dispute.

Fiscal Year

The 12-month period that the U.S. federal government uses for budgeting purposes, starting on October 1st and ending on September 30th of the following year.

Budget Authority

The amount of money that Congress allows federal agencies to spend or obligate for specific programs and activities.

Apportionment

The process by which the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) distributes funds to federal agencies for specific programs and activities within a fiscal year, usually in quarterly amounts.