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Semiconductor

A material or device that has properties between a conductor (like metal) and an insulator (like rubber), used to make electronic components such as computer chips.

Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment

Specialized machinery and tools used in the various stages of producing computer chips, from creating the silicon wafers to assembling and testing the final product.

Foreign Entity of Concern

A foreign entity that is considered a national security risk or adversary by the U.S. government, as defined in existing U.S. law.

CHIPS Act

A U.S. law (officially the 'CHIPS and Science Act') that provides federal funding and incentives to boost domestic research and manufacturing of semiconductors in the United States.

Fabrication

The process of manufacturing integrated circuits (computer chips) on a silicon wafer.

Wafer

A thin slice of semiconductor material, such as silicon, used as the base for integrated circuits during manufacturing.