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Joint Resolution

A legislative measure, similar to a bill, that requires the approval of both chambers of Congress (House and Senate) and the President's signature to become law. Often used for specific, temporary, or unusual matters.

Bureau of Land Management (BLM)

A U.S. government agency that manages over 245 million acres of public land, primarily in Western states, for a variety of uses including energy development, recreation, and conservation.

Coastal Plain

In this context, a specific geographic area within the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in Alaska, known for its ecological significance and potential oil and gas reserves.

Record of Decision (ROD)

A formal public document issued by a federal agency that states its decision on a proposed action, outlines alternatives considered, and identifies environmentally preferable alternatives, often following an Environmental Impact Statement.

Congressional Review Act (CRA)

A law that allows Congress to review new federal agency rules and, if both chambers pass a joint resolution of disapproval and the President signs it (or Congress overrides a veto), to overturn those rules.

Rule (under CRA)

An agency statement of general applicability and future effect designed to implement, interpret, or prescribe law or policy. The Government Accountability Office determines if an agency action qualifies as a 'rule' under the CRA.