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Joint Resolution

A legislative measure that, unlike a bill, does not require a signature from the President to take effect, or can be used for specific purposes like proposing constitutional amendments or, in this case, disapproving agency rules under the Congressional Review Act. When used to disapprove a rule, it functions much like a bill requiring presidential signature (or override).

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)

A federal agency within the United States Department of Health and Human Services that administers the Medicare program and works with state governments to administer Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), and the health insurance marketplaces.

Rule

A regulation issued by a government agency that has the force and effect of law, often providing specific details on how to implement broader laws passed by Congress.

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)

A comprehensive healthcare reform law enacted in 2010 that aimed to expand health insurance coverage, control healthcare costs, and improve healthcare delivery systems in the United States. It established health insurance marketplaces where individuals and small businesses can purchase plans.

Congressional Review Act (CRA)

A law that allows Congress to review and disapprove new federal agency rules. If Congress passes a joint resolution of disapproval and the President signs it (or Congress overrides a veto), the rule is nullified, and the agency is generally prevented from issuing a 'substantially similar' rule in the future.