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Joint Resolution

A type of legislative measure that, if passed by both houses of Congress and signed by the President (or in this case, ratified by the states), has the force of law, often used for constitutional amendments.

Constitutional Amendment

A formal change or addition to the United States Constitution, the supreme law of the land.

Ratified

The act of formally approving a proposed amendment, usually by the states, making it a binding part of the Constitution.

Physical Desecration

Actions that physically damage, deface, or show disrespect to the U.S. flag, such as burning, tearing, or trampling it.

Congress

The legislative branch of the U.S. government, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives, responsible for making laws.

First Amendment

The part of the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution that protects fundamental rights, including freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.