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Joint Resolution

A legislative measure that requires approval by both the Senate and the House and is presented to the President for approval or disapproval. Similar to a bill, but often used for more specific or temporary matters.

Congressional Disapproval

A process under the Congressional Review Act (CRA) where Congress can pass a joint resolution to overturn a rule issued by a federal agency. If signed by the President, the rule is nullified.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

A federal agency responsible for protecting human health and the environment by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress.

Clean Air Act

A federal law that authorizes the EPA to establish National Ambient Air Quality Standards to protect public health and the environment.

Major Sources

Under the Clean Air Act, industrial facilities or operations that emit large quantities of hazardous air pollutants, typically above a certain threshold (e.g., 10 tons per year of any single hazardous air pollutant or 25 tons per year of any combination of hazardous air pollutants).

Area Sources

Under the Clean Air Act, smaller, numerous sources of hazardous air pollutants that individually emit less than the threshold for a major source, but can collectively contribute significantly to air pollution. Examples include dry cleaners, gas stations, and smaller manufacturing operations.