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Covered agency

A major federal executive branch department or agency, as defined in a specific section of U.S. law.

Internal control

Processes an organization uses to ensure its operations are effective and efficient, its financial reports are reliable, and it complies with applicable laws.

Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

A White House office that helps the President manage the federal budget and oversee federal agencies.

Supplemental appropriation

Additional money approved by Congress to be spent during a fiscal year, often for unexpected needs like disaster relief.

Judicial review

The power of courts to decide whether a law, action, or decision by a government official or entity is constitutional or legal.

Government Accountability Office (GAO)

An independent agency that investigates how the federal government spends taxpayer dollars and evaluates government programs.