Bills · S 545
REPORTED· 119TH CONGRESS
Senate BillS 545Licensing and registrationsVeterinary medicine and animal diseases
Combating Illicit Xylazine Act
INTRO FEB 12· LAST ACTION APR 15
READING
13MIN
COSPONSORS
35BIPARTISAN
READER REACTIONS0 TOTAL
NO VOTES YET · BE THE FIRST
- Reported, not passed
LEGISLATIVE PROGRESS
STEP 3 / 8Introduced
In Committee
Reported
Passed Senate
Passed House
Conference
To President
Became Law
WHAT THE BILL DOES
AI-writtenThis bill addresses a serious and growing public health crisis where xylazine, an animal tranquilizer, is being illegally mixed into illicit drug supplies, particularly fentanyl. This mixture makes drug overdoses even more dangerous because xylazine doesn't respond to naloxone, the standard overdose reversal medication. By making xylazine a Schedule III controlled substance, the bill provides law enforcement with new tools to combat its diversion from legitimate sources into the illicit drug market.
If this bill becomes law, it would enable federal authorities to more effectively crack down on the illegal supply chain of xylazine, potentially reducing overdose deaths and the severe health complications associated with its use. If it doesn't pass, xylazine would remain largely unregulated as a human drug, allowing its illicit proliferation to continue with fewer legal deterrents, further exacerbating the opioid crisis and posing ongoing challenges for public health.
KEY PROVISIONS
5AI-extractedPROVISION 01
Adds xylazine to Schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act.
This makes illicit manufacturing, distribution, and possession of xylazine federal crimes, giving law enforcement more tools to combat its illegal spread.
PROVISION 02
Modifies the definition of an "ultimate user" specifically for xylazine, allowing veterinarians, animal owners, and government animal programs to continue legitimate use.
This provision is crucial for preventing unintended negative consequences for animal care while targeting illicit use.
PROVISION 03
Establishes delayed effective dates for certain requirements like labeling, security, and recordkeeping for xylazine manufacturers and practitioners.
These transition periods allow legitimate users and producers sufficient time to adapt to the new regulations without disrupting essential services.
PROVISION 04
Requires the United States Sentencing Commission to review and potentially amend sentencing guidelines for offenses involving xylazine.
This ensures that federal penalties for illicit xylazine offenses are appropriate and consistent with its new status as a controlled substance.
PROVISION 05
Mandates reports to Congress from the Attorney General and FDA on the prevalence and impacts of illicit xylazine use.
These reports will provide essential data to track the effectiveness of the bill and inform future policy decisions regarding xylazine.
SPONSORSHIP
1 + 35
D· Nevada
YRS IN OFFICE
9
BILLS LED
122
COSPONSOR BREAKDOWNBIPARTISAN · 88%
DEM 15 REP 19 IND 1
ACTION TIMELINE
8 EVENTSAPR 15
Committee on the Judiciary. Reported by Senator Grassley with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. Without written report.
APR 15
Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 372.
MAR 26
Committee on the Judiciary. Ordered to be reported with an amendment in the nature of a substitute favorably.
MAR 26
Committee on the Judiciary. Ordered to be reported with an amendment in the nature of a substitute favorably.
BILL INFO
TypeSenate Bill
NumberS 545
Congress119th
StatusReported
IntroducedFeb 12, 2025
Last actionApr 15, 2026
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REPORTED· 119TH CONGRESS · JUDICIARY COMMITTEE · INTRODUCED FEB 12, 2025
Senate BillS 545Licensing and registrationsVeterinary medicine and animal diseases
Combating Illicit Xylazine Act
INTRODUCED FEB 12, 2025· LAST ACTION APR 15, 2026
PASSAGE CHANCES
—%
READING
13 min
COSPONSORS
35
COMPLEXITY
Moderate
