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Criminal Statutory Offense

A crime that is directly defined and made illegal within a federal law passed by Congress.

Criminal Regulatory Offense

A rule or requirement issued by a federal agency (like the EPA or SEC) that, if violated, can result in criminal charges or penalties.

Elements of an Offense

The specific conditions, facts, or actions that the government must prove beyond a reasonable doubt for someone to be found guilty of a particular crime.

Mens Rea

A legal term meaning 'guilty mind,' which refers to the mental state or level of intent required for a person to be held criminally responsible for an act (e.g., whether they acted knowingly, willfully, or recklessly).

Prosecution

The legal process through which the government attempts to prove that an individual accused of a crime is guilty in a court of law.

Department of Justice (DOJ)

The federal executive department responsible for enforcing federal laws and administering justice in the United States.