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Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

A federal agency responsible for protecting the public health by ensuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, medical devices, our nation’s food supply, cosmetics, and products that emit radiation.

Microbial sampling

The process of collecting samples (like from surfaces, water, plants, or animals) to test for the presence of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi, often to detect contamination.

Concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO)

A large industrial farm where a significant number of animals are raised in a confined space for at least 45 days in a year, and crops, vegetation, or forage growth are not sustained in the confinement area.

Foodborne illness outbreak

An incident in which two or more people experience a similar illness after eating a common food, and epidemiological analysis indicates that the food is the likely source of the illness.

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA)

A foundational federal law that gives the FDA authority to oversee the safety of food, drugs, medical devices, and cosmetics. This law defines prohibited acts and enforcement mechanisms.

Secretary

Refers to the Secretary of Health and Human Services, who is the head of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and oversees the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).