Public transportation agencies in cities and their surrounding suburbs would be most directly affected, as they would be eligible to apply for and receive these new federal grants. This means they would have more funding options specifically tailored to improving their service and security.

Commuters and other riders who rely on public transportation in these urban areas would also be directly affected. If transit agencies receive these grants, riders could potentially experience more frequent bus or train service, expanded routes reaching new neighborhoods, and enhanced safety measures, such as more security personnel or upgraded surveillance systems.