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Advanced Integrated Circuit

A highly sophisticated computer chip with specific technical capabilities, used for advanced computing like artificial intelligence. The bill defines these using precise performance metrics and classifications.

Export Control Reform Act of 2018

A U.S. law that provides the legal authority to control the export, reexport, and transfer of certain commercial items, including sensitive technologies, for national security and foreign policy reasons.

Country of Concern

A foreign country identified by the U.S. government as posing a national security or foreign policy risk, thus subject to stricter export controls. This bill specifically includes countries listed in certain export regulation groups, plus Macau and Hong Kong.

Right of First Refusal

A contractual right that gives someone the opportunity to purchase something (like these chips) before it can be sold to anyone else, typically under the same terms.

Backlog of Requests

A situation where a company has received formal orders or contracts from customers that it has not yet fulfilled or cannot fulfill within normal delivery times.

Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security

A high-ranking official within the U.S. Department of Commerce responsible for managing export controls and safeguarding national security in trade.