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Private Bill

A legislative bill introduced into Congress that is for the benefit of a specific individual, organization, or locality, rather than the general public. In immigration, it's often used to grant residency or citizenship to individuals who don't qualify under general laws.

Lawful Permanent Resident

An individual who has been granted the right to live permanently in the United States. Also commonly referred to as a 'green card holder.'

Immigrant Visa

A visa issued to a foreign national who intends to live permanently in the United States. This is different from a non-immigrant visa, which is for temporary stays like tourism or study.

Adjustment of Status

A process that allows certain foreign nationals who are already in the United States to apply for lawful permanent resident status (a green card) without having to leave the country.

Immigration and Nationality Act (INA)

The body of law that governs immigration to the United States. It covers nationality, naturalization, and the process for non-citizens to enter, reside in, and become citizens of the U.S.

Enactment of this Act

The date on which a bill officially becomes law after being passed by both the House and Senate and signed by the President, or otherwise becoming law without the President's signature.