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Secretary of Agriculture

The head of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, responsible for federal policy on farming, food, and rural development.

Economic Research Service (ERS)

An agency within the U.S. Department of Agriculture that provides economic research and analysis on food, agriculture, environment, and rural development issues.

Antidumping duties

Special taxes placed on imported goods that are priced below their normal value in the home market or below their cost of production, which can harm domestic industries.

Countervailing duties

Special taxes placed on imported goods that have received unfair government subsidies in their country of origin, which gives them an unfair price advantage.

Anticompetitive impacts

Actions or conditions in a market that reduce competition, potentially leading to higher prices, reduced quality, or less innovation for consumers.

Market concentration

The degree to which a small number of firms account for a large proportion of the sales or assets in a market, indicating less competition.

Supply chain

The sequence of processes involved in the production and distribution of a commodity, from raw materials to the final consumer.