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Incendiary device

Any object, material, or mechanism designed or intended to start a fire, whether homemade or commercially made. This includes flammable objects, accelerators, or fire-starting tools.

Federal offense

A crime that violates a law passed by the U.S. Congress, as opposed to a state or local law. These crimes are investigated by federal agencies and prosecuted in federal courts.

Enhanced penalty

An additional or more severe punishment added to a base sentence for a crime, often due to specific circumstances or aggravating factors of the offense.

Rule of Construction

A legal instruction within a bill that guides how a particular section or the entire law should be interpreted or applied by courts and agencies, often to clarify its scope or limits.

First Amendment

The first part of the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution, which protects freedoms of speech, religion, press, assembly, and the right to petition the government.

Aggravating factor

A circumstance related to the commission of a crime that increases its severity or culpability, potentially leading to a harsher sentence.

Chapter 1 of title 18, United States Code