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Subseasonal-to-Seasonal (S2S) Forecasting

Predicting weather and climate conditions for the period weeks to months in advance, filling the gap between short-range weather forecasts (days ahead) and long-range climate projections (years ahead).

Earth system

Refers to the complex interactions between Earth's atmosphere, oceans, land, ice, and living things, which all influence weather and climate.

Multi-model ensemble forecast systems

A method of weather prediction that combines predictions from multiple different computer models to create a more robust and reliable forecast, often providing a range of possible outcomes.

Coupled data assimilation

A sophisticated technique that integrates real-time observations from various parts of the Earth system (like atmosphere and ocean) into computer models to improve the accuracy of initial conditions, leading to better forecasts.

Operationalization

The process of taking a new scientific discovery, research finding, or experimental technology and integrating it into regular, practical use or ongoing operations.

Human capital plan

A strategic document that outlines an organization's current and future workforce needs, including identifying necessary skills, staffing levels, training, and recruitment strategies.