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Economically significant

A proposed government action that is likely to have a major impact on the economy, such as affecting $100 million or more annually, or significantly impacting jobs, competition, or public health.

Subsidy cost

The financial cost to the government when it provides support, like loans or grants, for student aid programs, often when the expected repayments are less than the amount lent or the administrative costs involved.

Regulation

A rule or order issued by a government agency that has the force of law, used to implement and enforce laws passed by Congress.

Executive action

An official action taken by the President or an executive branch agency, often to direct how laws are interpreted or carried out.

Higher Education Act of 1965

A federal law that provides financial assistance for higher education and supports colleges and universities across the United States.

Negotiated rulemaking

A process where an agency, before proposing a new rule, works with affected parties (like advocacy groups or industries) to reach a consensus on the content of the rule.