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Government Accountability Office (GAO)

An independent, non-partisan agency that investigates how the federal government spends taxpayer dollars. It's often called the 'congressional watchdog.'

Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

A major office within the Executive Office of the President that helps the President prepare the annual federal budget and oversees the performance of federal agencies.

Budget Submission

The detailed spending plan that the President sends to Congress each year, outlining proposed funding for federal agencies and programs for the upcoming fiscal year.

Fragmentation, Overlap, and Duplication

Terms used by the GAO to describe situations where multiple government programs or agencies may be working on similar issues, sometimes inefficiently or redundantly, leading to potential waste.

Title 31, United States Code

A section of federal law that deals with money and finance, including government budgeting and financial management.