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Secretary of State

The head of the U.S. Department of State, responsible for the country's foreign policy and international relations.

Enactment

The process by which a bill becomes a law, typically after passing both chambers of Congress and being signed by the President.

Crimes against humanity

Widespread or systematic attacks directed against any civilian population, such as murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, imprisonment, torture, rape, or other inhumane acts.

Torture

Any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for purposes like obtaining information, punishment, or intimidation.

Gross violations of human rights

A severe breach of fundamental human rights, such as prolonged detention without charges, torture, or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment.

Taliban

An Islamic fundamentalist political and military organization that has been in control of Afghanistan since August 2021.

Committee on Foreign Affairs (House)

A committee of the U.S. House of Representatives that oversees legislation and issues related to the nation's foreign policy.