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Trust Fund

A special account in the U.S. Treasury that holds money for a specific purpose, separate from the government's general funds. Money usually comes from a dedicated source and is spent on specific programs.

Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act

A federal law that governs mineral leasing and development, primarily for oil and natural gas, on the Outer Continental Shelf of the United States. This includes collecting fees and royalties from those activities.

Fiscal Year

The 12-month period that a government or company uses for budgeting and accounting. For the U.S. federal government, it runs from October 1st to September 30th.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

A federal agency under the Department of Defense that provides engineering services and manages public works projects, including infrastructure for flood control, navigation, and coastal protection.

Appropriations Acts

Laws passed by Congress that authorize the federal government to spend money for specific programs and purposes during a given fiscal year. Even if money is in a trust fund, an appropriations act is usually needed to spend it.

Obligation and Expenditure

An 'obligation' is when the government commits to spending money (e.g., by signing a contract). An 'expenditure' is when the money is actually paid out. Funds that 'remain available until expended' means they don't expire at the end of a fiscal year.