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Recidivism

The act of a person repeating a crime or undesirable behavior after they have either experienced negative consequences for it or been treated to stop it. In this bill, it refers to committing new crimes after being pardoned.

Presidential Proclamation

An official public announcement or declaration issued by the President of the United States, often used to establish policy or declare a state of emergency.

Pardon

An official act by an executive (like the President) that completely forgives a person for a crime, removing all remaining punishment and legal consequences.

Commutation of Sentence

An official act by an executive (like the President) that reduces a criminal sentence, such as shortening a prison term or lowering a fine, but does not completely forgive the crime itself.

Congressional Research Service (CRS)

A non-partisan research agency that provides policy and legal analysis to the United States Congress to help members make informed decisions.

Date of Enactment

The specific date when a bill officially becomes law after being passed by both houses of Congress and signed by the President (or if Congress overrides a veto).