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Shadow Docket

A term referring to the Supreme Court's decisions made outside of its regular, fully briefed and argued cases, often through brief orders or summary decisions without full explanations or public votes. These decisions are frequently urgent and can have significant impact.

Preliminary Injunctive Relief

A temporary court order issued early in a lawsuit to prevent a party from taking a specific action or to compel them to do something, until a final decision can be made in the case. It's often granted to prevent irreparable harm.

Appellate Jurisdiction

The authority of a court to review decisions made by lower courts. The Supreme Court's appellate jurisdiction includes most cases it hears, meaning it reviews decisions that originated elsewhere.

Stay

A legal order temporarily stopping or pausing a judicial proceeding or the enforcement of a court order or judgment. It can be used to prevent an action while an appeal is considered.

Certiorari

A Latin term meaning 'to be informed.' In the context of the Supreme Court, it refers to a writ (an order) seeking judicial review, where a higher court reviews the decision of a lower court. The Court grants 'cert' when it agrees to hear an appeal.

Balance of Equities

A legal principle where a court weighs the potential harms and benefits to all parties involved, and to the public, when deciding whether to grant certain relief, especially temporary orders like injunctions.