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Synthetic biology

A field of science that involves designing and building new biological parts, devices, and systems, or redesigning existing natural biological systems, often using genetic engineering.

Intellectual property (IP)

Creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names and images used in commerce. In this context, it refers to novel designs and research in biotechnology.

Foreign entity of concern

A government, organization, or person linked to specific foreign countries (e.g., China, Russia) that the U.S. government views as posing a national security risk due to their actions or policies.

Digital sequence of synthetic DNA or RNA

An electronic file or digital representation that contains the specific genetic code, including identity and order, for man-made DNA or RNA molecules.

Export control

Government regulations that restrict the sale, transfer, or sharing of certain goods, technologies, software, or information to foreign countries or entities, typically for national security or foreign policy reasons.

Military-civil fusion strategy

A strategy employed by a foreign government where civilian companies, universities, and research institutions are compelled or encouraged to support the military and intelligence activities of the state.