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Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1993 (TCPA)

A federal law that restricts telemarketing calls, faxes, and text messages, including regulating the use of automatic telephone dialing systems, artificial or prerecorded voice messages, and unsolicited advertisements.

Willfully and knowingly

Means acting with a specific intent or awareness of the illegal nature of one's actions, rather than by accident or mistake.

Aggravated offense

A more serious type of violation that carries higher penalties, often due to specific circumstances like a large scale of harm, repeat offenses, or intent to commit another crime.

Automatic telephone dialing system

Equipment that can store or produce telephone numbers to be called, using a random or sequential number generator, and dial such numbers automatically, often used for robocalls.

Caller identification information (Caller ID)

The information that typically appears on a phone's display indicating who is calling.

Caller ID spoofing

The act of deliberately faking or changing the caller ID information to hide the true identity of the caller or to display a different, often misleading, number.