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Arbitration

A private process where two parties in a dispute present their case to a neutral third party (an arbitrator), who then makes a decision. It's an alternative to going to court.

Predispute arbitration agreement

A clause in a contract (like an employment agreement or terms of service) that people sign before any dispute happens, agreeing to resolve future disagreements through arbitration instead of going to court.

Predispute joint-action waiver

A clause in a contract that people sign before any dispute happens, giving up their right to join with others in a group lawsuit (like a class action) for future disagreements, instead requiring individual arbitration.

Race discrimination dispute

A disagreement or legal claim alleging unfair treatment, harassment, or punishment based on someone's race, color, or national origin.

Title 9, United States Code

A section of federal law that deals with arbitration and its enforceability in the United States.