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Authorization

A legal act by Congress that permits a federal program or agency to exist and operate. It establishes the maximum amount of funds that *can* be appropriated for the program, but does not actually provide the money.

Appropriations

A legislative act by Congress that provides a specific amount of money from the U.S. Treasury for a federal program or agency. An appropriation must be preceded by an authorization.

Grants

Financial assistance provided by the federal government to states, local governments, or other organizations to carry out specific projects or programs.

Intercity Passenger Rail

Train service that transports people between different cities, as opposed to within a single city or metropolitan area.

Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act

A major law passed in 2021 that provides significant funding for improving America's infrastructure, including roads, bridges, public transit, broadband internet, water pipes, and passenger rail.

Fiscal Year

The 12-month accounting period used by the U.S. government, which runs from October 1st to September 30th of the following calendar year.