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Civil liability

Legal responsibility for causing harm to another person, which can result in a court ordering the responsible party to pay money to the injured party.

Judicial officer

A judge or magistrate at the federal, state, or local level who presides over court proceedings.

Intentional disregard for public safety

A deliberate action or inaction by a judge that ignores or overrides evidence, legal rules, or clear dangers to community safety when making bond or sentencing decisions.

Gross negligence

Extreme carelessness or a severe lack of attention to a duty or responsibility, going beyond simple mistakes.

Bond determination

Any court order a judge makes regarding bail, pretrial release, or the conditions under which a person can be released from custody before trial.

Sentencing decision

A court order issued by a judge after a person is convicted of a crime, which sets the punishment, such as a prison term, probation, or fines.

Judicial immunity

A legal protection that shields judges from being sued for actions they take while performing their official duties.