The Americans most directly affected by this bill would be residents, businesses, and local governments in Monterey, San Mateo, Santa Cruz, and San Luis Obispo counties in California. These groups would likely be involved in the study process, providing input and information about the area's heritage and resources. Businesses, particularly those in tourism and hospitality, and landowners in the specified counties, could be indirectly affected by the potential future designation of a National Heritage Area, which could lead to increased tourism or specific land use guidelines.

Native American Tribal Governments and various nonprofit organizations in the region would also be directly involved, as the bill specifically requires their consultation during the study. If the study leads to a designation, these groups would play a role in managing and promoting the heritage area, benefiting from potential federal support for preservation and development.