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Jackson-Vanik Amendment

A 1974 U.S. law that ties a country's eligibility for normal trade relations with the United States to its policies on human rights, specifically freedom of emigration.

Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR)

A status granted by the U.S. to a country that allows its products to enter the U.S. at the lowest possible tariff rates, without annual review based on human rights or emigration policies.

Repeal

To officially cancel or withdraw a law or rule.

Russian Federation

The official name for Russia, a country in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia.

Public Law 112-208

A 2012 U.S. law that ended the Jackson-Vanik restrictions on Russia and granted it permanent normal trade relations, also known as the Magnitsky Act.

Tariffs

Taxes imposed by a government on imported goods and services.