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Phosphogypsum

A waste product from the production of phosphate fertilizers, known to contain naturally occurring radioactive materials like uranium and radium.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

A federal agency responsible for protecting human health and the environment by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress.

Radionuclides

Atoms with unstable nuclei that emit radiation as they decay, which can be harmful to living organisms.

Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)

A collection of permanent rules published by the executive departments and agencies of the U.S. federal government, including those from the EPA.

Maximum Individual Risk

The highest estimated increase in the chance of an individual developing cancer over a lifetime (70 years) due to exposure to the highest concentration of a specific pollutant, like phosphogypsum.

Leachate

Liquid that has passed through a solid material and has extracted dissolved or suspended solids from it, often referring to contaminated liquid from waste.

Ecotoxicity

The potential for toxic effects on living organisms within an ecosystem, such as plants, animals, and aquatic life.