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Defense articles and services

Military equipment, weapons, components, spare parts, technical data, training, and other military-related assistance that the U.S. provides to foreign countries.

Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program

A U.S. government program that allows foreign governments and international organizations to buy U.S. defense articles and services. The U.S. government acts as the intermediary, facilitating the sale between the foreign buyer and the U.S. defense contractor.

Direct Commercial Sale (DCS)

A method where a U.S. defense manufacturer or company sells defense articles and services directly to a foreign government or entity, without the U.S. government acting as an intermediary. These sales are still regulated and require U.S. government approval.

FMS-Only List

A list maintained by the Secretary of State that specifies defense articles and services that can only be provided through the government-to-government Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program, and not through direct commercial sales.

Arms Export Control Act

A U.S. law that provides the legal authority and framework for the control of U.S. exports of defense articles and services, including both Foreign Military Sales and Direct Commercial Sales.

Letter of Request

An official letter submitted by a foreign country to the U.S. government to formally request the purchase of defense articles or services through the Foreign Military Sales program.