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Economic Espionage

The illegal theft of trade secrets or other intellectual property to benefit a foreign government, foreign instrumentality, or foreign agent.

Defense Information

Any document, writing, code, instrument, picture, model, apparatus, or note relating to the national defense which someone has unlawfully obtained, collected, recorded, published, or communicated.

Mandatory Minimum Penalty

A legally required minimum prison sentence or fine that a judge must impose, regardless of the specific circumstances of the crime.

Supervised Release

A period of supervision that follows a prison sentence, similar to parole, during which an individual must follow certain conditions set by the court. Being ineligible for supervised release means serving the full prison term.

Covered Nation

A term referring to specific foreign countries identified by the U.S. government as foreign adversaries, as defined in section 4872 of title 10, United States Code. These typically include countries like China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea.

Critical Infrastructure

Systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital to the United States that their incapacitation or destruction would have a debilitating effect on security, national economic security, national public health or safety, or any combination thereof.