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Short Sale

An investment strategy where an investor borrows shares of a stock and sells them, hoping to buy them back later at a lower price and return them to the lender, thus profiting from the price drop.

Covered Financial Instrument

Specific types of investments targeted by the bill, including stocks, bonds, futures contracts, commodities, and certain complex financial products like options or warrants, from companies listed on national stock exchanges.

Covered Individual

Any sitting Member of Congress, their husband or wife, or their financial dependents.

Security

A tradable financial asset, such as a stock (representing ownership in a company) or a bond (representing a loan to a company or government).

Commodity

A raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, such as oil, gold, or wheat.

Derivative

A financial contract whose value is "derived" from an underlying asset (like a stock or commodity) and can be used to bet on its future price movements. Examples include options and warrants.

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