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Qualified Immunity

A legal protection that shields government officials from being held personally responsible in civil lawsuits unless their conduct violates clearly established statutory or constitutional rights, and a reasonable official would have known their actions were unlawful.

Section 1983

A federal law that allows individuals to sue government officials for monetary damages if those officials, acting in their official capacity, violate the individual's constitutional or federal rights.

Acting under color of law

When a person uses authority given to them by the government (like a police officer using their badge and uniform) to carry out an action, even if that action is illegal or goes against their training.

Clearly established rights

Constitutional or statutory rights that are so well-defined by previous court rulings that any reasonable government official would understand that their actions would violate those rights.