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Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act)

The main federal law that organizes how the federal government provides aid during and after disasters, requiring the President to declare a major disaster or emergency before federal assistance can be given.

Major Disaster

A natural catastrophe (like a hurricane, flood, or earthquake) or any other severe event that the President determines is serious enough to warrant federal assistance to supplement state, tribal, and local efforts.

Unmet Need

The remaining recovery needs of a community or individuals after a major disaster, once other forms of federal, state, local, or private assistance have been accounted for.

Grantee

An entity, such as a state government or Indian tribal government, that receives funds or assistance from a grant program.

Obligates (funds)

When the government formally commits to spend money, such as by issuing a grant or contract, which creates a legal obligation to pay.

Personally Identifiable Information (PII)

Information that can be used to identify an individual, such as name, address, Social Security number, or other identifying details.