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Critical Mineral

A mineral that is essential for the economic or national security of the United States and whose supply chain is vulnerable to disruption.

Rare Earth Element

A group of 17 chemically similar metallic elements (like cerium, neodymium, and ytterbium) that are crucial for many high-tech applications, including electronics, magnets, and defense systems.

Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)

A formal agreement between two or more parties that outlines their shared intentions and how they plan to cooperate on a specific project or objective.

Allied Foreign Country

A country that has a mutual defense treaty or other mutual defense agreement with the United States.

Partner Foreign Country

A country that is a source of a critical mineral or rare earth element.

Right of First Refusal

A contractual right that gives a specific party the first opportunity to buy, lease, or develop something before it is offered to others.

Supply Chain Resilience

The ability of a system that delivers goods and services to resist, absorb, and recover from disruptions, ensuring a steady and reliable flow of materials.