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Discretionary appropriations

Government funds that Congress decides how to spend each year through annual appropriations bills, rather than funds automatically provided by existing laws.

Fiscal year

A 12-month period used by governments and businesses for accounting purposes. The U.S. federal government's fiscal year runs from October 1 to September 30.

Efficacy

The ability to produce a desired or intended result; how well something works to achieve its goals.

Waste, fraud, and abuse

Inefficient spending, intentional deception for personal gain, and improper practices that result in unnecessary costs to the government or taxpayers.

Security category

A classification of federal funding primarily related to national defense, international affairs, and homeland security, as defined by budget law.

Condition on Federal Funding

A requirement or rule that a state must meet in order to receive certain money from the federal government.