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Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

An independent U.S. government agency that regulates interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable.

Geostationary Orbit (GEO) Satellite System

A system using satellites that orbit Earth at an altitude of about 22,236 miles, making them appear stationary from the ground. This allows ground antennas to remain fixed.

Nongeostationary Orbit (NGSO) Satellite System

A system using satellites that orbit Earth at lower altitudes and do not stay in a fixed position relative to the ground. These systems often consist of many satellites that constantly move across the sky, providing broader coverage.

Earth Station

A ground-based antenna and electronic equipment used to transmit signals to, and receive signals from, satellites. These can be individually licensed or covered by a general license for multiple stations.

Covered Communications Equipment or Service

Communications equipment or services that have been identified by the U.S. government as posing an unacceptable risk to national security. The specific definition is found in the Secure and Trusted Communications Networks Act of 2019.

Affiliate

A company or entity that is connected to another company through shared ownership or control, often as a subsidiary or a parent company.