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Excise Tax

A tax levied on certain goods, services, or activities within a country. In this case, it's a tax on petroleum to fund environmental cleanups.

Tar Sands

Also known as oil sands, these are natural deposits of sand or clay mixed with water and a very dense and sticky form of petroleum called bitumen. It requires more energy and processing to extract the oil.

Crude Oil Condensates

Light liquid hydrocarbons that separate from natural gas during production when temperature and pressure are reduced.

Bitumen

A thick, heavy, and very viscous form of petroleum, often found in tar sands. It is similar to asphalt and needs to be upgraded before it can be refined into fuels.

Bituminous Mixture

A blend containing bitumen, such as tar sands before the bitumen is fully separated.

Kerogen-bearing sources

Rocks that contain kerogen, a solid organic material that can be converted into liquid hydrocarbons (like oil) when heated. Oil shale is an example of a kerogen-bearing source.

Oil Shale

Sedimentary rock that contains kerogen, which can be heated to produce shale oil, a type of unconventional oil.