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Clean Air Act

A major federal law that regulates air pollution from various sources, including vehicles and industrial facilities.

Waiver

A special permission granted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to California, allowing it to set its own, often stricter, vehicle emission standards instead of following federal ones.

Emission standards

Limits on the amount of pollutants that can be released into the air from sources like vehicle exhaust or industrial facilities.

New motor vehicle emission standards

Rules that control the amount of pollution allowed from brand-new cars, trucks, and their engines.

Nonroad engines or vehicles

Engines and vehicles that are not typically used on public roads, such as construction equipment, farm machinery, forklifts, and locomotives.

Federal preemption

A legal principle where federal law takes precedence over state law, meaning states generally cannot make laws in areas where the federal government has already legislated, unless specifically allowed.