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Budget authority

The legal power given to federal agencies by Congress to spend or create financial obligations.

Discretionary appropriations

Funding that Congress decides to spend each year through appropriation bills, as opposed to mandatory spending which is set by existing laws.

Rescission

The cancellation of budget authority previously approved by Congress, effectively reducing or eliminating funding for a program or project.

Nonsecurity discretionary appropriations

Funds that Congress chooses to spend each year for programs outside of national defense, homeland security, and other security-related activities.

Pro rata

Distributed or applied proportionally, meaning each affected program or entity receives a cut or share that is proportional to its existing funding or size.

Fiscal year

The 12-month period the federal government uses for budgeting, running from October 1st to September 30th of the following calendar year.

Regular appropriation Act

An annual law passed by Congress that provides money for specific government programs, projects, and activities.