Bills · HJRES 31
IN COMMITTEE· 119TH CONGRESS
House Joint Res.HJRES 31Voting rightsConstitution and constitutional amendments
Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to prohibit persons who are not citizens, nationals, or lawful permanent residents of the United States from voting in elections.
INTRO JAN 31· LAST ACTION JAN 31
READING
1MIN
COSPONSORS
8
READER REACTIONS0 TOTAL
NO VOTES YET · BE THE FIRST
- Introduced only
LEGISLATIVE PROGRESS
STEP 2 / 8Introduced
In Committee
Reported
Passed House
Passed Senate
Conference
To President
Became Law
WHAT THE BILL DOES
AI-writtenThis bill matters because it proposes a fundamental change to who is constitutionally allowed to vote in the United States, aiming to solidify the idea that voting is tied to citizenship or permanent legal residency at all levels of government. If this amendment becomes law, it would establish a nationwide standard, explicitly limiting voting eligibility to citizens, nationals, and lawful permanent residents for all types of elections—federal, state, tribal, and local. This would override any existing or future state or local laws that currently allow or might allow other categories of non-citizens to vote, such as in certain municipal or school board elections.
For voters, this means a unified approach to eligibility that removes the possibility of local variation. If it passes, it ensures that all elections nationwide operate under the same voter eligibility rules regarding citizenship status. If it doesn't pass, the current situation would continue, where states and local communities retain the flexibility to determine if certain non-citizens can vote in specific local elections, leading to differing rules across the country.
KEY PROVISIONS
4AI-extractedPROVISION 01
Proposes a constitutional amendment to prohibit any person who is not a U.S. citizen, U.S. national, or lawful permanent resident from voting in any federal, state, tribal, or local election.
This establishes a universal constitutional rule for voter eligibility across the entire country, overriding any existing or potential local laws that might allow other non-citizens to vote.
PROVISION 02
Specifies that this prohibition applies to elections in the District of Columbia and all U.S. territories or possessions.
This clarifies that the amendment applies uniformly across all jurisdictions under U.S. authority, leaving no exceptions for federal enclaves or territories.
PROVISION 03
Grants Congress the power to create laws to enforce the provisions of this proposed constitutional amendment.
This ensures that the federal government has the legislative means to uphold the new voter eligibility requirements nationwide.
PROVISION 04
Requires the proposed amendment to be ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the states within seven years after its submission for ratification.
This sets a time limit for the ratification process, meaning the amendment must gain sufficient state support within this period to become part of the Constitution.
SPONSORSHIP
1 + 8
R· Texas
YRS IN OFFICE
5
BILLS LED
62
COSPONSOR BREAKDOWNBIPARTISAN · 0%
DEM 0 REP 8 IND 0
ACTION TIMELINE
2 EVENTSJAN 31
Introduced in House
JAN 31
Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
BILL INFO
TypeHouse Joint Resolution
NumberHJRES 31
Congress119th
StatusIn Committee
IntroducedJan 31, 2025
Last actionJan 31, 2025
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IN COMMITTEE· 119TH CONGRESS · JUDICIARY COMMITTEE · INTRODUCED JAN 31, 2025
House Joint Res.HJRES 31Voting rightsConstitution and constitutional amendments
Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to prohibit persons who are not citizens, nationals, or lawful permanent residents of the United States from voting in elections.
INTRODUCED JAN 31, 2025· LAST ACTION JAN 31, 2025
PASSAGE CHANCES
—%
READING
1 min
COSPONSORS
8
COMPLEXITY
Moderate
