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14th Article of Amendment

A part of the U.S. Constitution, ratified after the Civil War, which includes important clauses like birthright citizenship, due process, and equal protection under the law.

Subject to the jurisdiction of the United States

A legal term in the 14th Amendment that generally means a person is fully under the authority of U.S. laws, excluding, for example, children of foreign diplomats.

National of the United States

A person owing permanent allegiance to the United States. This includes U.S. citizens and non-citizen nationals (like those from American Samoa).

Alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence

A foreign national who has been granted the legal right to live permanently in the United States, often referred to as a "green card" holder.

Joint Resolution

A legislative measure, requiring approval by both chambers of Congress and the President's signature (or a two-thirds vote to override a veto), which can be used to propose constitutional amendments. For amendments, the President's signature is not technically required, but a two-thirds vote in both chambers is.

Ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States

The process required for a proposed constitutional amendment to become part of the U.S. Constitution, meaning 38 out of 50 state legislatures must approve it.